Comparative Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Alcoholic Artemisia campestris L. Extracts Against Clinical Uropathogens
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54361/LJMR.20.3.88Keywords:
Artemisia campestris, antibacterial activity, uropathogens, aqueous extract, alcoholic extract, agar well diffusionAbstract
Background: Artemisia campestris L. is a traditional medicinal plant with documented antimicrobial properties, yet its activity against clinical uropathogens remains underexplored. Objective: This study compared the in vitro antibacterial activity of aqueous and alcoholic A. campestris extracts against clinical Gram-negative uropathogens. Methods: Aqueous and 70% ethanolic extracts were prepared by maceration and tested at 100%, 70%, and 50% concentrations using agar well diffusion against six clinical isolates (Escherichia coli n=3, Klebsiella pneumoniae n=2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa n=1). Six standard antibiotics served as positive controls. A three-way General Linear Model assessed solvent, concentration, and isolate effects. Results: Antibiotics demonstrated significantly greater activity (0.7–28.7 mm) than plant extracts (0–16.7 mm). The 70% aqueous extract showed the strongest extract-mediated inhibition, particularly against E. coli (16.7 ± 2.9 mm). The 50% alcoholic extract was inactive against all isolates. Concentration and solvent type significantly affected activity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: A. campestris extracts possess modest, concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against uropathogens, but remain less potent than conventional antibiotics. Further fractionation and compound isolation are warranted.
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