Vitamin D Deficiency as a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome: Insights from a Case-Control Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26719/LJMR.18.2.11Keywords:
Vitamin D deficiency, metabolic syndrome, women's health, insulin resistance, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerideAbstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency disproportionately affects women, posing significant health concerns because of its pivotal role in bone and tooth health and immunity as well as its potential protective effects against certain cancers. Aim: This study investigates the disproportionate impact of vitamin D deficiency on women's health, with a specific focus on metabolic syndrome. Methods: This case-control study examines the correlation between vitamin D levels and various metabolic parameters such as waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipid profiles. Blood samples were collected to measure serum vitamin D levels, and participants were assessed for components of metabolic syndrome conducted at Misurata Medical Center. A sample of 132 participants aged 18-60 years, including 71 individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and 61 healthy controls with adequate vitamin D levels was used in this study. Results: The study found that 69.01% of women with metabolic syndrome exhibited severe vitamin D deficiency, while 22.53% showed insufficient levels. A significant negative correlation (r = -0.871**, p < 0.01) was observed between vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance. Moreover, a positive association (r = 0.796**, p < 0.014) was detected between vitamin D deficiency and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, while a negative correlation (r = -769**, p < 0.017) was found with triglycerides and FBS (r = -0.274**, p < 0.018). Among the healthy controls, only 6.81% exhibited metabolic syndrome indicators. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency significantly increased metabolic syndrome indicators in the group with the condition, while these indicators remained stable in the control group. This highlights the association between low vitamin D levels and the development of metabolic syndrome. Most participants had severe deficiency, which negatively correlated with insulin resistance and weight, and positively with HDL levels. This emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to address vitamin D deficiency, particularly among women at risk of metabolic syndrome.
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