The Role of Noninvasive Ventilation in Managing Respiratory Failure: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54361/LJMR.19.2.17Keywords:
Respiratory Failure, Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV), Principles, Mechanisms, Types, Efficacy, Benefits, Clinical Outcomes, Indications, Contraindications, Technical Aspects & InnovationsAbstract
Background: Respiratory failure is a serious condition characterized by the inability of the respiratory system to maintain adequate gas exchange, resulting in hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has emerged as an essential tool in the management of acute and chronic respiratory failure. It offers significant advantages, such as reduced need for endotracheal intubation, fewer ventilation-related complications, improved patient comfort, and reduced hospital stay. NIV is now widely used in intensive care units, emergency departments, and at home. Objectives: This comprehensive review aims to explore the principles, mechanisms, and types of non-invasive ventilation and focuses on providing a detailed comparison with invasive mechanical ventilation. In addition, it addresses the clinical efficacy, benefits, and outcomes of NIV, its indications and contraindications, current recommendations, technical considerations, and recent advances, including emerging technologies and innovations. This review also addresses the challenges and limitations encountered during the implementation of NIV and offers recommendations for clinical practice and future research. Conclusion: NIV is essential for the treatment of respiratory failure, particularly in conditions such as COPD exacerbations, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and certain cases of hypoxemia. It also improves quality of life and survival in chronic diseases such as neuromuscular disorders and obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Achieving optimal outcomes depends on appropriate patient selection, interface selection, ventilator settings, and competent monitoring. Future directions include personalized NIV strategies, AI-based systems, expanded access to low-resource settings, and more clinical trials to refine its role in conditions such as pneumonia and ARDS.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Rihab Abdlsalam Alweshahi, Mohamed A. Ali Elwafi, Abofila MTM, Abofila MTM, Azab Elsayed Azab, Khaled Abdulmola, Mouni AAA (Author)
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